Risks: Are unlikely, but may occur. They might include but are not limited to. Instrument separation in the canal Perforations (extra openings) of the canal with instruments Blocked root canals that cannot be ideally completed Incomplete healing Post-operative infection requiring additional treatment or the use of antibiotics Tooth and/or root fracture that may require extraction Fracture, chipping, or loosening of existing tooth or crown Post-treatment discomfort Temporary or permanent numbness Change in the bite or jaw joint difficulty (TMJ problems or TMD) Medical problems may occur if I do not have the root canal completed Reactions to anesthetics, chemicals or medications Other Treatment Choices: The following other treatment options might be possible. Waiting for more definitive development of symptoms Extraction: To be replaced with either a denture, a bridge, an implant or nothing No treatment at all After the completion of the root canal procedure, you will be referred back to your restorative dentist for the permanent restoration (filling, crown, or cap). Failure to have the tooth properly restored in a timely manner (generally within 30 days) significantly increases the possibility of failure of the root canal procedure or tooth fracture. I have had an opportunity to ask questions to my treating doctor and I am satisfied with the answers that I have received. I consent to the procedure.